Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols, aldehydes and nitriles
(b) describe the reactions of carboxylic acids in the formation of
(i) salts, by the use of reactive metals, alkalis or carbonates
(ii) esters
(iii) acyl chlorides
(c) describe the formation of esters from carboxylic acids , using ethyl ethanoate
(d) *describe the acid and base hydrolysis of esters
(e) state the major commercial uses of esters e.g. solvents, perfumes, flavourings
(a) describe the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols, aldehydes and nitriles
(b) describe the reactions of carboxylic acids in the formation of
(i) salts, by the use of reactive metals, alkalis or carbonates
(ii) esters
(iii) acyl chlorides
(c) describe the formation of esters from carboxylic acids , using ethyl ethanoate
(d) *describe the acid and base hydrolysis of esters
(e) state the major commercial uses of esters e.g. solvents, perfumes, flavourings